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On Department from Epidemiology, Agencies out-of Drug (M.An excellent.Yards., T.G., Yards.Meters.) and you may Department regarding Nutrients and Integrative Anatomy (P.M.Grams.), University out-of Utah, Sodium River Area; Service of Medicine, New york College School from Medication (J.Yards.B.); Welch Heart to have Avoidance, Epidemiology and you may Clinical Lookup, Johns Hopkins School, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A beneficial.); and you may Company from Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest College or university regarding Drug, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A beneficial.T.).
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On Office from Epidemiology, Agencies regarding Treatments (M.A.Yards., T.G., Meters.Meters.) and Institution regarding Nutrients and you will Integrative Physiology (P.Yards.G.), University out-of Utah, Salt River City; Service out of Drug, Nyc College School from Medication (J.M.B.); Welch Heart for Cures, Epidemiology and you may Scientific Research, Johns Hopkins College or university, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A good.); and Institution out-of Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest College of Medication, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A.T.).
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On the Office away from Epidemiology, Institution regarding Medication (Yards.A.Yards., T.Grams., Meters.M.) and you may Agencies regarding Diet and you will Integrative Structure (P.Yards.G.), School from Utah, Salt Lake Urban area; Company off Drug, Ny University School off Medication (J.M.B.); Welch Cardio having Protection, Epidemiology and Clinical Look, Johns Hopkins College, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A great.); and you can Service of Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest College or university regarding Treatments, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A good.T.).
You are watching the most up-to-date type of this particular article. Earlier incarnations:
On Office off Epidemiology, Agencies from Treatments (Yards.A great.M., T.G., Yards.Meters.) and Department away from Nourishment and you can Integrative Structure (P.Meters.G.), School from Utah, Salt River City; Institution off Treatments, Nyc College or university School of Treatments (J.Yards.B.); Welch Heart getting Protection, Epidemiology and you may Health-related Lookup, Johns Hopkins College, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A good.); and Company out-of Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Forest College or university off Medication, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A good.T.).
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From the Division of Epidemiology, Service out of Drug (Meters.Good.M., T.G., Yards.M.) and you will Institution of Nutrients and Integrative Anatomy (P.M.G.), College of Utah, Sodium Lake City; Company away from Medication, Nyc School College regarding Drug (J.M.B.); Welch Center getting Reduction, Epidemiology and you can Health-related Look, Johns Hopkins School, Baltimore, MD (L.J.Good.); and you will Service out-of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Tree College or university off Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (J.An effective.T.).
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On Department out-of Epidemiology, Agency out-of Treatments (Yards.An effective.Meters., T.Grams., Yards.Meters.) and you will Service out-of Nutrition and you can Integrative Structure (P.M.G.), College or university out-of Utah, Salt Lake Urban area; Institution off Treatments, Ny College College or university from Drug (J.Meters.B.); Welch Cardio getting Cures, Epidemiology and you will Systematic Research, Johns Hopkins School, Baltimore, MD (L.J.A.); and Agencies of Biostatistical Sciences, Aftermath Tree School out-of Medication does afrointroductions work, Winston-Salem, NC (J.A.T.).
Abstract
Dietary Na recommendations are expressed as absolute amounts (mg/d) rather than as Na density (mg/kcal). Our objective was to determine whether the strength of the relationship of Na intake with blood pressure (BP) varied with energy intake. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)–Sodium trial was a randomized feeding trial comparing 2 diets (DASH and control) and 3 levels of Na density. Participants with pre- or stage 1 hypertension consumed diets for 30 days in random order; energy intake was controlled to maintain body weight. This secondary analysis of 379 non-Hispanic black and white participants used mixed-effects models to assess the association of Na and energy intakes with BP. The relationships between absolute Na and both systolic and diastolic BP varied with energy intake. BP rose more steeply with increasing Na at lower energy intake than at higher energy intake (P interaction<0.001). On the control diet with 2300 mg Na, both systolic and diastolic BP were higher (3.0 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.2–5.8; and 2.7 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–4.5, respectively) among those with lower energy intake (higher Na density) than among those with higher energy intake (lower Na density). The association of Na with systolic BP was stronger at lower levels of energy intake in both blacks and whites (P<0.001). The association of Na and diastolic BP varied with energy intake only among blacks (P=0.001). Sodium density should be considered as a metric for expressing dietary Na recommendations.